What’s the difference between a building survey and a structural survey?

Whether you’re buying, maintaining, or renovating a property, it’s crucial to fully understand the building’s condition before proceeding with a purchase or any construction work.
There are two different types of survey that can provide valuable insights into the condition of a property, but people often get confused between them. You may be one of the many property owners or buyers out there wondering: are building surveys and structural surveys the same?
The answer to this common question is no – they aren’t the same, because building surveys and structural surveys are separate assessments and reports with different scopes.
A building survey or home survey is an assessment of a building’s overall condition, carried out by a chartered surveyor during the buying process. A structural survey is an examination of the building’s structural elements, conducted by a specialist structural engineer.
However, some confusion still remains, as what is now referred to as a Level 3 Building Survey by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) was previously known as a Full Structural Survey – despite being very different from the surveys carried out by a structural engineer.
As conductors of structural surveys in North West England, we’re here to explain the difference between building surveys and structural surveys to help you understand which type you need.
What’s included in a building survey?
Potential property buyers typically commission a building survey before exchanging contracts and completing a sale. In some cases, financial lenders will only agree to provide a loan after a building survey is completed and reveals no significant problems with the property.
While RICS chartered surveyors can carry out Level 1 or Level 2 surveys, these basic inspections offer general overviews, which are only suitable for standard newer buildings. Older properties or more complex constructions will require a more comprehensive Level 3 Building Survey.
This survey will cover the accessible parts of the property, including both non-structural and structural elements throughout the building and grounds. The chartered surveyor will inspect:
- The condition of the walls, roof, floors, windows, and doors
- Any signs of damage to timbers or structural movement
- The efficiency of drainage, plumbing, heating, and electrical systems
- Any signs of damp (rising and penetrating) or infestations
- Potential environmental hazards such as asbestos or Japanese knotweed
Their findings will be compiled in a report containing photographs, details about any issues that were discovered, and recommendations for further inspections, if necessary. For example, the surveyor may recommend further investigations into dampness or a specialist structural survey by a qualified engineer if they found signs of structural damage.
Overall, a building survey will provide the buyer with a better understanding of the property’s condition, highlighting maintenance needs and possible repair costs to take into account.
What’s included in a structural survey?
If a property you want to buy is several decades old or has undergone renovations, or you’re planning to make alterations to it yourself, then you’ll need a structural survey. Also known as a structural engineer’s report, this will analyse the structural integrity of the building.
These in-depth structural assessments must be carried out by certified structural engineers, who specialise in assessing and designing safe structures. A chartered engineer will be accredited by an industry body such as the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE).
A structural survey focuses on elements like the foundations, floors, walls, ceiling beams, and roofs to look for potential structural problems. The structural engineer will complete:
- Thorough inspections of structural components and their load-bearing capacity
- Identification of structural defects (e.g. cracks in walls, sagging roofs, shifting foundations)
- Analysis of their causes and impacts (e.g. damp, infestations, subsidence, modifications)
- Calculations and recommendations for repair work to reinforce the structure
These findings will be compiled in a structural report with technical information about the building’s structural stability, details on how specific structural issues may affect its safety or property value, and how to rectify them. This is especially valuable during buying and lending, construction planning, or post-damage assessment and insurance claim processes.
Overall, specialist structural surveys are needed to assess signs of structural damage and recommend remedial action, or to assist with official calculations for structural alterations.
Do you need a chartered surveyor or a structural engineer?
Deciding between the services of a building surveyor or a structural engineer can be confusing, especially if you’re managing a renovation or construction project. Each professional brings unique expertise to the table, but the survey you’ll need depends on your circumstances.
It’s often a question of breadth vs depth, as building surveys evaluate various aspects of the property, while structural surveys focus solely on the structural components of the building.
You’ll need a building survey by a chartered surveyor if you’re buying a property and:
- Would like a comprehensive overview of the property’s general condition
- Need an assessment of all the systems and fittings within the structure
- Want to calculate maintenance or repair costs before committing to the purchase
- Your mortgage lender won’t finance the purchase without all of the above
Generally, building surveys are carried out during the buying process, and Level 3 surveys with more structural coverage are only required for older or extensively altered properties.
On the other hand, you’ll need a structural survey by a structural engineer if you’re:
- Buying a property and your surveyor or lender has requested one
- Planning significant renovation work on an existing building that you own
- Concerned about structural issues that could affect your property’s safety
- Dealing with a structural dispute with a contractor or neighbouring property owner
Whenever a building may have sustained damage that needs repairing or you want to make changes that could affect the load-bearing structure, you’ll need advice from structural engineers like us to ensure your property is safe and compliant with building regulations.
Schedule a structural survey with RD Engineering
Here at RD Engineering Associates, we have an experienced team of certified engineers and technicians who can carry out structural surveys and oversee related repair work. Whether you need a domestic structural survey or a commercial structural survey, we can help you.
Explore our range of structural engineering services on our website to learn more about what we can do for your project, or call us on 01257 445 010 to set up a consultation with our team.
Alternatively, you can submit your details through our contact form or email your enquiry directly to info@rd-engineering.co.uk and we’ll get back to you as soon as possible.